![]() For example, ancient instruments from prehistoric sites around the world reveal details about the music they produced and potentially something of the musical theory that might have been used by their makers. The development, preservation, and transmission of music theory in this sense may be found in oral and written music-making traditions, musical instruments, and other artifacts. Music theory as a practical discipline encompasses the methods and concepts that composers and other musicians use in creating and performing music. But this medieval discipline became the basis for tuning systems in later centuries and is generally included in modern scholarship on the history of music theory. This is not an absolute guideline, however for example, the study of "music" in the Quadrivium liberal arts university curriculum, that was common in medieval Europe, was an abstract system of proportions that was carefully studied at a distance from actual musical practice. Because of the ever-expanding conception of what constitutes music, a more inclusive definition could be the consideration of any sonic phenomena, including silence. ![]() Music theory is frequently concerned with describing how musicians and composers make music, including tuning systems and composition methods among other topics. The musicological approach to theory differs from music analysis "in that it takes as its starting-point not the individual work or performance but the fundamental materials from which it is built." The Oxford Companion to Music describes three interrelated uses of the term "music theory": The first is the " rudiments", that are needed to understand music notation ( key signatures, time signatures, and rhythmic notation) the second is learning scholars' views on music from antiquity to the present the third is a sub-topic of musicology that "seeks to define processes and general principles in music". Music theory is the study of the practices and possibilities of music. Jubal, Pythagoras and Philolaus engaged in theoretical investigations, in a woodcut from Franchinus Gaffurius, Theorica musicæ (1492) ![]() Study of the practices and possibilities of music
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